Down syndrome is one of the main causes of mental retardation in infants. It does not cause mental retardation, physical deformity, but is also evident. The treatment of Down’s syndrome over the years has been used, but with the advent of new therapies and advances have introduced new methods of treatment.

Down syndrome occurs when abnormal chromosomes exist in a person’s body. genetic information from chromosomes with our cells. These chromosomes are the determining factors in a person’s appearance and function.

Normally, cells carry two sets of 23 chromosomes from each parent. This amounts to forty-six chromosomes. For people with Down syndrome, a pair of chromosomes is damaged.

The cause of Down syndrome is due to damage of chromosome 21 This chromosome may be damaged during the process of cell replication. Damage can also occur when the normal chromosomes to be parents suddenly broke in two. In any case, the result of Down syndrome.

Normally, babies are easy to diagnose this condition because they have different physical properties associated with Down syndrome. These physical characteristics: face flat face, small head, set low or flat nasal bridge, small mouth with his tongue very large, upward slanting eyes, round cheeks, small ears, hands apart, the level in normal and malformed fifth finger.
» Read more: Alternative Treatment For Down Syndrome

Normal menstruation is the result of a complex interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries and endometrium. Any interruption of this axis at any point can cause menstrual disorders. Many types of menstrual disorders in adult women who have normal sexual development. These problems are the absence of menstruation (amenorrhoea), painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), abnormal uterine bleeding (anovulatory bleeding), excessive blood loss during each menstrual cycle (menorrhagia) and irregular bleeding (bleeding).

In addition, many women suffer from premenstrual syndrome, a group of physical and emotional symptoms that occur before the start of each cycle. Moreover, some women temporary discomfort at the time of ovulation because of slight bleeding from the follicle may in the abdominal cavity, oral contraceptives improve the situation by the suppression of ovulation, or complaints will be treated with painkillers such as ibuprofen or naproxen.

Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)

Amenorrhea is the mirror image of a breakdown in the feedback loop between fully neuroendocrine hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries and uterus that the combined control of the menstrual cycle. However, amenorrhea, is not a disease.

There are two categories of primary and secondary amenorrhea amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is the delay or omission of a young woman after the age of 16 years to menstruate. The course of puberty and menarche are so different that there is no worry, until the girl reached the age of 16, assuming there are other signs of early changes in puberty (growth spurt, armpit or pubic hair, breast development ). Treatment of primary amenorrhoea are usually carried out only at the age of 18.

Secondary amenorrhea refers to the cessation of menstruation that had women, menstruation occurs, but then holds for at least three cycles of menstruation. It is much more common than primary amenorrhea. However, unless symptoms are extreme, or is there a more fundamental problem of how to understand the failure, there is no urgent need of treatment.

The causes of primary amenorrhea can chromosome abnormalities such as Turner syndrome (a genetic disorder, sexual maturation prevents girls), the hypothalamic-pituitary disease and a moderate or excessive exercise, deficiency symptoms due to disorders such as anorexia and obesity, extreme physical or psychological stress or a combination of both effects and the effects of a variety of medications, including some tranquilizers and progesterone. Common causes of secondary amenorrhea, many of which the primary amenorrhea, and pregnancy and ovarian cysts or tumors, extreme weight loss and / or intense physical activity, radiation therapy or abnormally adherent placenta in pregnant women before, and damage to the pituitary gland.
» Read more: Causes and Treatment of Menstrual Disorders

Autism is a type of brain disorder often leads to impaired thought processes during a serious gap in the expression of emotions and social functioning. Autism affects a person’s ability to communicate, form relationships with friends and family members, and learn to meet the outside world. This disease of the brain in children before the age of 3-5. This problem, in some cases is, classic autism and it occurs because of a developmental disorder called autism spectrum disorders. Some other disorders of the autistic spectrum are Rett syndrome, Asperger disorder, childhood-inclusive DIS, pervasive developmental disorder [PDD-NOS], etc.

Extensive research and a study from a factor that autism is revealed more clearly than in male children, baby girl. And the global estimate indicates that children are 3-6 in 1000 Children from this disease of the brain. Although baby girls are less vulnerable to the illness of the brain that are affected by autism, severe symptoms and severe cognitive disorders.

Autistic children generally show characteristics typical behavior. This behavior characteristics reflected the difficulties in social communication, display a sharp discrepancy with the verbal and nonverbal communication, repetitive behaviors and display boards, obsessive interests and strong ability, etc.

Some autistic children can type in the function at the highest level of effectiveness of care to develop their level of intelligence and language almost perfect condition. However, there are several cases in which children with autism show severe cognitive impairments, delays in the acute adaptation of languages and in some cases, some children show their complete inability to speak. There are more behavior characteristics observed for the victims of the autism. to feed these children, a tendency to close or the likes is a model of behavior in manners quite repetitive and very rigid views, dislikes and thinking processes. As a direct result of autism show the affected child’s unwillingness to make eye contact, seems to be deaf, and shows less interest in the development of skills of language learning.
» Read more: Autism – An Overview and How to Fight the Issue